Aeroplane.



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Specification ot Letters Patent.

A Patented duly' klit., lltlttll..

.application tiled september 30, 1911i. Serial No. 659,112.

To all whom it may concern; y,

Be it ltnown thatl ll, RoiuULo lliiiiirllunoa, a citizen ot Peru, and residing in Liverpool, in the county et Lancaster, ltngland, have invented certain new and uset'ul linprovements Yin Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

'lhis invention relates to aeroplanes oLt the tailed monoplane type, and has reference togimprovements in the inai'n structure to give lightness, strength and stability; iniproveinents in the ybalancing ot the inacbine by making the aviators seat and tail movable relatirelyto the main body; iinprovenients in the construction of the main planes whereby the degree ot curvature of Het titl

their surfaces may be under the control ot the aviator; and improvements in eonnection with the wheels and skid.

l have illustrated my invention in the ac- "companying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an elevation oit the aeroplane, Fig. 2 a corresponding plan, and lliig. 3 a corresponding t'ront elevation. lTig. 4t is a detail oit a inodiiication; F ig. 11A is an eleration ot' oneoti thetore and att bars; Figs. dB and etc are similar views ot modifications; lig. 'is a plan of Alfig. 4P. Fig. oA is an eleration, and Figs. 'l and 8 views of opposite ends of the forward part otD the tore and att bars, and lfig. 9 is an elevation ot' the rear part of the iore and att bars of Fig. 11C. lFig. l is a side elevation, Fig. ll a plan., and Fig. l2 an end elevation showing the inode in which the central bracket oft' the tore and aft bars ot' lfig. etc is connected to the. tubular axis. lig. 13 is an elevation, lFig. let a plan, and lTig. 15 a side elevation oit the :trent edge ot' the main plane. ltiig. 16 is a View ot the tail, the section being taken on the line llilill, XVl, ot liiig. l., and ltig. 17 is a diagram ot the seat and tail moving mechanism.

it is the main body ot the aeroplane. and comprises four planes al, c, u and alpforining a tour sided prisinatic traine; these planes do not ineet at the angles. The inane body is connected by tubular members a to the tubular members B ot the main tame which extend rearwardly to carry the tail. rihe members B are strengthened by a tubular traine worlc b, the various inen'ibers being rigidly united by sockets and couplings, and being braced together by tension inembers such as b1. v

@is the transverse tubular axis which carries the inain planes l. This axis is inounted in bearings Z rigidly attached to the main `it'raine i3. rll`he tubular axis C car ries a number ot' tore and att bars or ribs constructed as shown in Fig. stf, +1 or L1C; reiterring in the lirst instance to the construction shown in Fig. et() and in Figs. 5 to iti; the bars comprise a central bracket el through which the tubular axis passes, and to which the latter lis rigidly attached, a forward portion e2 oi wood lightened by drillingconnected to the trent end ot' the said bracket, and a rear portion e3 connected to the rear of the said bracket. The, rear portion is made up ol a number, say three, of flexible wood rods il, 2 and 3. the rod 2 being less in length than the rod 1, and the rod 3 being less in length than the rod 2; the rods are strengthened by a suitable metallic binding tape 4i.

"lhe liront edges ot the ribs e otf each respective plane tit into the transverse iront edge piece et, of wood, shaped as shown in liigs. 13 to 15, to toi-inthe front or (':utting edge oit' the plane.

Fig. it shows a inodilication in the eonstruction ot the bars or ribs where a very lightI structure is required.

'lille external shape ot the rib is similar to that already described, but instead o'l solid wood rods, l, 2 and 3, the external coniguration desired is obtained (see Fig. 1^) by bending a tlexible strip of the necessary width so that the part er 'toi-nis the top ot the rib, the partI c the iirst. stepped portion ot' the undersside the part: ci the second stepped portion ol the undersside, and a piece e the underside ot the liront portion olf the rib. The trout part at' c and the part ci are both connected to they transverse front. edge piece c which like e" extends across the iuain planes; the parts c and e8 are also united together by a central'web el lightened by drilling-out at the holeselt. Distance pieces e1, e. and el are fitted to connect the strips together, and a transverse bar c entends across and connects all the ribs on the one side together. The tubular anis tl is -gripptal by a clip/c1 which is attached to and c, and is clalnped to (l,` by bolts which also serve to connect it to c7.

y The eonstruction illustrated in Figa-l is in respect to the parts c5, e, el, c, e", c, eg, @13, elt and el, similar to the construction last described; a fourth strip e is. however, added to increase the number of stepped titl `quadrantul slot f2 connected to the riain Vtbe clmin G and toothed merlieels and im VWlieefm connected by lenfftbs of wire assit;F i y D C 4and the top side ol' tbe endless band isl atdij:

parts on the under-side, an additional distance piece ela being added; the metallic litting el is now arranged to be connected to both eT and e.

.ln some cases it may be desired to shorten the main planes transversely and in this case the oucer ribs E may be arranged to slide transversely along the tubular part C, the front edge e0, and the transverse bar cu; this transverse movement ol2 the ribs is efected by stretched wires 62.

F is a transverse shaft for actuating ,the planes, which carries tivo levers f1, one on each side, the ends ofthe levers being articulated to the rear portion e3 of tbe innerrib ol each plane (see Fig. l) and Working in a frame Worl. rEhe shalt F and the anis C are connected by a chain G Working on two chain Wheels g1 on C and g2 on ll, gbaving usually e greater number of teeth than g?.

in operating handle l-l' is connected by telescopic gear fr! to a Worm k1 adapted tooperate a 'Worin Wheel h3 on the shalt F; operation of the handle ll imparts angular movement in tbe same direction (say clock- Wise in l) to the axis-G and the shalt F, with the'resull; that tberont Yportion ot tbe main' trarne inclinesf tbe anis@ While the rear portion is deflected through a greater angle .by tbe rotation of: tbe shalt F and levers gli; tbe inclination of tbe main planes and their o'f curvature are thus snnultaneously alti/ered.

The constructionv of tbe tail l and tbe elevating planes E is similar to that of elle main body and main planes, tbe analogous parts being indicated by tbe sance reference letters distinguished by tbe addition of an accent.

The elevating planes E are operated by but instead of a Worm gear as tbe main planes the shaft F is provided with a chain Wheel ril connected to the elevator plane opereting Wheel R by a band @consisting oi lengths of' chain. tc pass-around Vdie toothed around band. Y

The arrangement for movin the eviators seat and the -tail along the naine is as ollowsz-The seat N and its 'nl' adapted to slide easily en tbe frame B; end the teil-freine .b1 is adapted also slide on the frame B. The nio yement' of lll and K is effected by a Wheel Q over which a chain gl passes, the ends of the chain being atv tached by the Wire g2 to the ends or the frame B; an endless m*ir/'ire bandg3 passes over pulleys gt xed tc the' freine work B guide- 'pnlleys 1* to form. an endless' tached to tbe frame nl ci the seat and to the frame k1 of the tail. lctation of tbe Wheel Q, moves il and tbe seat lil and the endless band g3 causes simultaneous movement olthe trarne icl and the tail l.

'ille front skid L 1s pivoted to the traine at Z1, elasticfally connected to the center of.

the :trame by the spring connected telescopic stays Z2, and supported by the Wires Z5, which may be used for lifting the skid.

The `ivlieels Z3 are carried in bearinos connected to the skid by elastic bands Zr which yield under less force than the spring stays Z2.

The rear skid lil consists of a curved wood piece M rigidly connected at one end to the tail frame clby the bracket m1,' the other end sliding in the bracket m2 so as to yield under pressure.

l is the rudder which is carried over the normal center of gravity and pivoted on a vertical bar p2 and is operated by the Wire p1 connected to the laterally movable bracket fb carrying the hand Wheel H. This hand Wheel bracket ii moves about the center h5 on a circular race and its lateral movenient, which is inedective to operate the vorm gear, operates the rudder.

rlhe niain planes and the elevator planes are covered with fabric S and are stayed by the tension stays s. r

lt will be seen that by the construction of the ribs described, the under sides or" the planes E and il are shaped so as to provide curved suraces 31, s2 and s3. successively displaced as shown, the configuration resembling that of the under side of a bird`s Wing, 'and giving considerably increased lifting power,

rllie engine is attached to the engine clips and tbe propeller' is connected in the usual inanner to the engine shaft.

lie aeroplane can be steered by tbe one rudder l) located above the main body and over the normal position or the center of gravity, but it is vpreferable to lit die three rudders shown and to use tbein coupled in pairs as described. Y

The mechanism described .consisting or the levers f1 and tlie quadrant f2 for curving the mein planes may be dispensed with, in which case the planes are angled about tbe tubular axis C but are not altered in curvature.

The details or" construction may be modiied Within the limits el! invention; or instance, the aviatorls seat may be liz-ged, and die tail only be adapted to move, er tbe tail may be adapte-d displaced curves el, 82 and s3 may be increased and theirvshape altered to suit parl ture; :i tail. of Vsimilar shape but smaller in more, and the number or loo ine-in freine connecting tbe Ytail to tbe inain body; inain planes attached to the main body; elevatirnfg,1 planes attached to tbe tail;

a rudder attached to the nien body; a elrid attached to the main traine belen7 tbe inain body; and ineanel under tbe control oit the aviator for moving tbe tail and tor operat ing; tlie main. and elevating,1 planeo and tlie rudder; substantially es described.

2. ln an aeroplane, in eonibination; a inain body eonetrueted olf :lonr planeo arranged to "iorin a hollow nriematie Struetnre; a tail et Similar Shape but einaller in site arranged approniately eoexial with and movable relatively to tbe inziin body; a main traine connectin lie tail to tlie inain body; main planes attached to tlie main body; elevatingn planes; attached to tlie tail; a rudder' ettaeloed to tbe main body; a elrid attached to the niain'trarne below tllo main body; an aviators seat movable relatively to tlie niain trarne; and nieane iinder the eontrol lol tlie aviator 'for inoving the tail and tlie eviatorle seat and tor operatingn the main and elevating; planes and tl'ie rudder; Substantially as described.

3. ln an aeroplane; tlie combination with gular movement oili the said anis and elia" portions et tile planeo; silbetantially ae described.

` i vln an. aeroplane, the Combination with the rnain bedje; tlie teil and tlie rnsin trarne; ol? :main planes; coniA loing 'a plurality ol ribs oil.l ditl'erent lengths, joined eo as to Shape tlie Under side ot the main planets in oueeeseivelgf displaced planes, substantially deoeribed. I

ln testllnorrtT Wliereot; l: allllt iny signature in presence et two Witneeeee.

lt ,differentially angling the liront and rear fl O 

